![]() Rather than simply making a complaint, as most commoners did, he put on a short puppet show to tell a tale about the sultan's corrupt officials. Īccording to one Turkish legend, the first performance of karagöz occurred when a lowly commoner visited the sultan. In the 16th century, Ottoman Grand Mufti Muhammad Ebussuud el-İmadi issued a celebrated opinion allowing the performance of Karagöz plays. The first Karagöz–Hacivat play was performed for Sultan Selim I (reigned 1512–1520) in Egypt after his conquest of the country in 1517, but 17th century writer Evliya Çelebi stated that it had been performed in the Ottoman palace as early as the reign of Bayezid I (reigned 1389–1402). ![]() Some believe that it originates from the island of Java where shadow puppet shows ( wayang kulit) were played already as early as in the 11th century and arrived in the Ottoman Empire via traders. When the plays were first performed is unclear. Until the rise of radio and film, it was one of the most popular forms of entertainment in Turkey, while in Greece it continues to be popular and televised. ![]() Karagöz–Hacivat plays are especially associated with Ramadan in Turkey, whereas they are associated with the whole year in Greece. Other characters in the plays are different ethnic characters living under Ottoman domain such as (in the Turkish version) Armenians, Albanians, Greeks, French, and Arabs, each with their unique, stereotypical traits. According to the Turkish dramaturge Kırlı, Hacivat emphasizes the upper body with his refined manners and aloof disposition, while Karagöz is more representational of "the lower body with eating, cursing, defecation and the phallus." Hacivat continually attempts to "domesticate” Karagöz, without much progress. Though Karagöz always outmatches Hacivat's superior education with his "native wit," he is also very impulsive and his never-ending deluge of get-rich-quick schemes always results in failure. Although Karagöz is the more popular character with the Turkish peasantry, Hacivat is the one with a level head. These are perfect foils of each other: in the Turkish version, Karagöz represents the illiterate but straightforward public, whereas Hacivat belongs to the educated class, speaking Ottoman Turkish and using a poetical and literary language. ![]() The central theme of the plays is the contrasting interaction between the two main characters. In Greece, Karagöz is known by his local name Karagiozis in Bosnia and Herzegovina, he is known by his local name Karađoz. It is most prominent in Turkey, Greece, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Adjara (autonomous republic of Georgia). 'Blackeye' in Turkish) and Hacivat (shortened in time from "Hacı İvaz" meaning "İvaz the Pilgrim", and also sometimes written as Hacivad) are the lead characters of the traditional Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period and then spread to most nation states of the Ottoman Empire. ![]()
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